A 水力旋流器或更通常被称为旋风，是简单的配置管三通. It requires certain elements in its design in order to perform a separation of material based on size gradation, 但是水力旋流器很简单.
The mystery of a 水力旋流器 comes from the inability to see what is happening inside. The following tips can help you get some insight into what your 水力旋流器 is doing.
1. 水力旋流器入口处的压力可以告诉你很多信息
Pressure at the inlet of the 水力旋流器 is an important indicator of where the separation point (also called cut point or d50) will be. The separation point is the size at which a particle has a 50-50 chance of reporting either to the underflow or overflow.
When the pressure is below the target pressure, the d50 will be coarser than desired. 高于目标的压力会将更多的细颗粒送入底流, 从而制造出比期望的更好的d50.
压力应保持稳定，以保持切割点恒定.
Sudden changes in pressure should always be investigated because they indicate a change in the flow rate to the 水力旋流器. 这可能是由上游设备故障(如泵)引起的。, 水力旋流器损坏或阻塞. Swings in the pressure indicate surging in the flow, which could be caused by issues with a sump.
对水力旋流器的性能进行故障排除时, the first thing you should look at is the pressure gauge since dismantling the unit can be difficult due to location.
2. There are other ways to change the separation point besides changing the pressure
因为改变压力并不总是一种选择，也不总是可取的, 还有其他方法来改变水力旋流器的切割点. 一旦安装了水力旋流器，这些改变并不总是可行的.
其中三种方法涉及水力旋流器本身, 但你首先应该考虑的是改变feed.
虽然在现有的应用程序中这样做并不总是实际的, 改变进料密度会影响水力旋流器的切割点. 进料中的密度越高，切割越粗糙.
如下图所示, 不同的应用程序以适合其目标的特定密度为目标. Keep in mind that when the same performance is desired and there needs to be a change in the application, changing only the flow rate or tons per hour (tph) will affect 水力旋流器 separation.
保持相同的切点, 流速和TPH都需要保持一定的比例, and the internals and/or number of 水力旋流器 need to be adjusted to maintain the same pressure.
进给密度影响切割点.
锥角对旋流器的切割点起着重要的作用.
Generally, for fine cuts with a 水力旋流器, a 10-degree angle cone angle is used.
为了做出更粗的切割，角度可以根据需要增加. 在许多聚合应用中，二十度锥是很常见的, 但是40度甚至60度都被利用过.
Not seen as much, the installed angle of the 水力旋流器 will also change the cut point.
From the vertical plane, laying the 水力旋流器 down will cause it to make a coarser cut. The cone angle must be taken into account so the 水力旋流器 is not tilted too far. 10到15度的倾斜不会产生重大影响, 但如果倾斜75度，切口大小几乎可以翻倍.
A particle having equal amounts of centrifugal force and drag force will have a 50-50 chance of going to either the underflow or overflow.
多个, smaller 水力旋流器 operating at the same pressure as one large 水力旋流器 will have a finer cut point.
不用太深入数学, the two forces that have the most impact on the cut point are centrifuge (CF) and drag (DF).
With the CF directly affected by the radius of the 水力旋流器, the cut point changes. 切点是粒子具有等量的CF和DF的地方, 因此两种结果的概率都是50%.
旋流器的半径越大，离心力越小.
3. 水力旋流器没有活动部件
很明显，水力旋流器没有活动部件, 但是很多时候在故障排除时忽略了它.
水力旋流器由壳体组成, 衬管和装配五金, 所以水力旋流器本身可能出问题的地方就这么多.
外国的碎片, lining failure or improper assemblies are the main issues that can be traced back to the 水力旋流器. 可以说说话, the foreign debris is caused by the feed but can only be found by looking inside the 水力旋流器 or at the discharge points.
Dismantling a 水力旋流器 is not always the easiest task because they tend to be installed in hard-to-reach locations, so it can pay off to ensure all equipment prior to the 水力旋流器 is operating properly.
A 水力旋流器 operates at a required pressure, which is usually provided by a pump. 任何导致流量不稳定的因素, 如压力读数所示, 会影响水力旋流器的性能吗.
设计不佳的污水池会导致空气被困或物料涌动.
A properly operating pump will go a long way to ensure that a 水力旋流器 is performing correctly. 相反，一个有问题的泵会产生一个有问题的旋流器.
4. A 水力旋流器 can be modified to make a dry underflow while maintaining a high separation efficiency
A 水力旋流器 uses an air core, which forms at the apex and extends up to the vortex finder. 气芯的形成对于分离是至关重要的, 如果它崩溃了, 分离效率急剧下降. 因此, the idea of modifying a 水力旋流器 to completely remove the air core should be doomed to failure.
A 分离器™ or siphon-assisted 水力旋流器 does exactly that and maintains a high separation efficiency. 切点稍微变粗一些.
这种转变有很多原因, 但很容易看到的是水分裂的变化. Fines go with the water, and a 分离器™ decreases the amount of water reporting to the underflow.
这个名字本身来自于把水从固体中分离出来的想法.
此外，降低了底流中的水分百分比, a 分离器™ is able to handle larger swings in percent solids in the feed with minimal effect on performance.
分离器由一个底流调节器组成, 也叫“鱼尾”,“唇封”和许多其他的名字, to eliminate the forming of the air core and a set-length overflow pipe to create the siphon. 虹吸管关闭底流调节器，使固体积聚起来.
When enough solids gather in the spigot, the weight will force the underflow regulator open. As long as there are enough solids to open the underflow regulator, the 分离器™ will discharge.
正常运行的分离器™将在水中运行，没有底流排放.
An empty underflow regulator (left) and an underflow regulator in which solids have built up.
5. 作为旁路的一部分，下流中总会有一些细颗粒物
简单地说，罚款总是跟随着水. Since the underflow of a 水力旋流器 or 分离器™ will always contain some water, 会被罚款的.
旁路的数量与向底流报告的水分裂有关. 通过减少水量，将减少旁通粉的数量.
使用水力旋流器，这是通过调整龙头尺寸来完成的.
Too small of a spigot will cause roping in the 水力旋流器 (shown in the photo above) and decrease separation efficiency, 而太大的龙头会增加旁路. For these reasons, 水力旋流器 work best when the throughput or tph is consistent.
The bypass in a 分离器™ is less because the siphon-assisted 水力旋流器 removes extra water and is less affected by throughput swings.
阀塞尺寸影响旁路细粒的数量.
当目标低罚款在底流, it may be necessary to have multiple stages of 水力旋流器 if there is a significant amount of fines in the feed. This is especially true when there is a large amount of the size fraction near the cut point.
水力旋流器很简单, 但要想充分利用它们，还有很多需要了解的地方. For operational best practices and maintenance tips, check out 水力旋流器 and Separators™ on the 设备维护 页面.
